The Ancient Indian Education System: A Comprehensive Study of Gurukuls and Universities
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.31305/rrjiks.2026.v3.n1.007Keywords:
Ancient India, Education System, Gurukul, Universities, Nalanda, Taxila, Vedic, Buddhist, Pedagogy, Holistic Learning, Guru-Shishya, Purusharthas, Accessibility, DeclineAbstract
This research paper provides an in-depth examination of the ancient Indian education system, focusing on two primary models: the Gurukul system and the more formalized universities. It elucidates the foundational principles, organizational structures, diverse curricula, and pedagogical methods that characterized these institutions. The study highlights the holistic nature of ancient Indian education, emphasizing personalized mentorship, value-based learning, and the profound Guru-Shishya relationship within Gurukuls. Concurrently, it explores the structured, multidisciplinary, and internationally renowned scholarship fostered at ancient universities such as Nalanda and Taxila. The report also addresses the complex societal impact, including accessibility disparities influenced by caste and gender, and analyzes the multifaceted factors contributing to their eventual decline. Ultimately, this paper underscores the enduring legacy of ancient Indian educational philosophies, offering valuable perspectives for contemporary pedagogical discourse.
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